Embedded Systems Outline: 

C programming and data structures 

➢ Introduction to C programming. 

▪ Standard I/O library. 

▪ Using printf function. 

▪ Hello world program. 

▪ Basic Data types in C. 

▪ Variables in C. 

▪ Using scanf function. 

▪ C operators. 

➢ Conditional Statements: 

1. If…. Statement. 

2. switch case statement. 

➢ Loops: 

1. for loop. 

2. While loop. 

3. do…. while loop. 

➢ Functions: 

1. Defining and calling functions. 

2. Function prototypes. 

3. Function parameters and return. 

4. Special types of functions. 

➢ Arrays in C. 

▪ Multidimensional arrays. 

▪ Sorting Algorithms. 

▪ Searching Algorithms 

➢ Pointers: 

1. Introduction to Basic Pointers. 

2. Pointer Syntax. 

3. Pointer arithmetic. 

4. Pointers and Arrays. 

➢ Data Modifiers: 

1. Sign modifier. 

2. Size modifier. 

3. Storage modifier. 

4. Constant modifier. 

5. Volatility modifier. 

➢ User defined data types: 

1. Structure 

2. Union 

3. Enum. 

➢ C Preprocessor: 

1. #include directive. 

2. Macros in C. 

3. Conditional directives. 

4. #error and #warning. 

➢ Dynamic Memory Allocation. 

▪ Data structures: 

1. Linked lists. 

2. Stack. 

Embedded Systems Concepts 

▪ Embedded Systems definition. 

▪ Embedded Systems design challenges. 

▪ Inside the processor: 

1. Control Unit. 

2. Arithmetic Logic Unit. 

3. Register File. 

4. Processor Buses. 

▪ Instruction Set Architecture. 

1. RISC Processor. 

2. CISC Processor. 

▪ Processor Cycle Example. 

▪ Embedded Systems Memory Types. 

▪ Volatile Memory Types: 

1. Static RAM (SRAM). 

2. Dynamic RAM (DRAM). 

▪ Non-Volatile Memory Types: 

1. Masked ROM. 

2. OTP ROM. 

3. EPROM. 

4. EEPROM. 

5. FLASH. 

6. NVRAM. 

▪ System Architecture: 

1. Von Neumann Architecture. 

2. Harvard Architecture. 

▪ Input/output Peripheral. 

▪ Microcontrollers Vendors. 

▪ Reading the datasheet and specs. 

Embedded Systems Interfacing . 

➢ Digital Input Output: 

1. Interfacing LEDs. 

2. Interfacing 7-Segments. 

3. Mechanical Switches. 

➢ Introduction to layered architecture. 

1. Defining Microcontroller Registers. 

2. Developing DIO Driver. 

➢ LCD Interfacing and driver. 

➢ Keypad Interfacing and driver. 

➢ Interrupt: 

1. Introduction to Interrupts. 

2. Interrupt Handling Techniques. 

3. Digital External Interrupt. 

➢ Analog to digital converter. (ADC) 

➢ Analog Sensors: 

1. Temperature Sensor. 

2. Light Sensor. 

➢ TIMERS: 

1. Normal Mode 

2. CTC Mode 

3. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) 

➢ Electrical Switches: 

1. Transistors. 

2. Relays. 

3. Opto-couplers. 

4. Darlington Pair. 

Motors: 

1. DC Motor. 

2. Interfacing Servo Motor 

➢ Communication protocol: 

▪ Communication specs 

▪ UART Serial Communication Part1. 

▪ UART Serial Communication Part2. 

▪ USB to UART. 

▪ SPI Serial Communication. 

▪ I2C Serial Communication Part1. 

▪ I2C Serial Communication Part2. 

▪ Interfacing EEPROM.